Longevity implies a long life (extended lifespan). As a science, it looks into ways to increase the expected life of humans with equal emphasis on health. The science of longevity stems from conservative genetic aging theories propounding that aging is pre-programmed into human genes, with certain genes accurately determining when the aging process should be switched on. The science also draws on the belief that exposure to environmental toxins and other factors damage cells with the adverse effect intensifying as a person ages.
The science of longevity is closely related with its clinical branch, anti-aging medicine. Anti-aging physicians increasingly believe that both the visual natural manifestations of aging and diseases typically associated with age may be prevented, or delayed by promoting optimal cellular health and positive behavior patterns. No wonder an entire range of mineral and vitamin supplements, herbal products and physical fitness therapies are in vogue.
Based on the results of early studies in longevity, scientists are now reversing their belief that aging is an absolute process that cannot be influenced. Longevity research is aimed at understanding the biology of aging in order to promote longevity.
Longevity research has multiple facets, primarily focused on the prevention of age-related diseases and also dwelling on the effect of psychosocial factors and behavior patterns (such as psychosocial adjustment, alcohol consumption, diet, smoking, obesity, physical activity, marriage and education) on health and consequently, longevity.
Research in the prevention of disease implies measuring the levels of antibodies, enzymes, hormones and proteins in the body as it ages and linking the changes in these levels both with the aging process per se and the occurrence of specific diseases. The adverse effects on health of medications traditionally prescribed to the elderly are also studied.
An article by Guarente L. and Kenyon C. in Nature (issue 2000, vol.408, 255-262, p.261) titled Genetic pathways that regulate ageing in model organisms, reveals the aim of ageing research, “The field of ageing research has been completely transformed in the past decade. … When single genes are changed, animals that should be old stay young. In humans, these mutants would be analogous to a ninety year old who looks and feels forty-five. On this basis we begin to think of ageing as a disease that can be cured, or at least postponed. … The field of ageing is beginning to explode, because so many are so excited about the prospect of searching for - and finding - the causes of ageing, and maybe even the fountain of youth itself.”